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  "body": "\n## Summary\n\nPublic-key cryptography is a kind of cryptography in which each user has a pair of keys: a public key and a private key.\nAnyone can use the public key to encrypt a message or to check a signature. Only the owner of the private key can decrypt the message or make the signature.\nIts security depends on problems that are believed to be hard to solve, such as integer factorization or the [[discrete logarithm|09B4X51J09]].\n\n## Remarks\n\nBefore the mid-1970s, all ciphers were symmetric: both parties used the same secret key, which they had to exchange in a secure way.\nThe [[RSA cryptosystem|0HM584C465]] and the [[Diffie–Hellman key exchange|01TKKESHSB]] are two early examples.\nWhitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman published the idea in 1976.\n\n## Explanations\n\n### L1 human\n\nThink of a mailbox with a slot: anyone can drop a letter in, but only the owner has the key to open it.\nThe public key is the slot, and the private key is the key of the mailbox.\n",
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