---
tag: H9RGWCR10W
kind: concept
name: Epistemic closure
aliases: [closed-system-of-belief, closed-system-of-thought, closure-philosophy, living-in-a-bubble, principle-of-epistemic-closure, theory-of-closure]
sources:
  - wikipedia: en:11073025@r1372520990
    locator: Epistemic closure
    note: adopted
    mention: wikipedia://en/11073025
    sections: [Summary]
same_as:
  wikidata: Q5383584
  wikipedia: Epistemic closure
inventory: [NYP6WCX7T8]
---

## Summary

**Epistemic closure** is a property of some belief systems and of many epistemic modal logics (viz. those which are "normal"). It is the principle that if a subject $S$ knows [[proposition|0ZGC7ZESYN]] $p$, and $S$ knows that $p$ implies $q$, then $S$ can thereby come to know $q$. Many epistemological theories involve a closure principle and many skeptical arguments assume a closure principle.