Math 2.0

Manifolds and cell complexes Knot theory Example

Conway knot

Example

The Conway knot is the prime knot with 1111 crossings listed as 11n3411n34 in the knot tables, named after John Horton Conway. It is obtained from the Kinoshita–Terasaka knot, another 1111-crossing knot, by a mutation. A mutation cuts out a ball that meets the knot in two arcs, rotates the ball by a half turn, and glues it back. The result is again a knot, but in general not an equivalent one.

Remarks

Mutation does not change many knot invariants. The Conway knot and the Kinoshita–Terasaka knot have the same Jones polynomial, the same HOMFLY polynomial, and both have Alexander polynomial equal to 11, like the unknot. They are still different knots: the Conway knot has genus 33, while the Kinoshita–Terasaka knot has genus 22, as shown by David Gabai. Since its Alexander polynomial is 11, the Conway knot is topologically slice, by a theorem of Michael Freedman. The Kinoshita–Terasaka knot is smoothly slice. Lisa Piccirillo proved in 2020 that the Conway knot is not smoothly slice, which answered a question that had been open for about fifty years.

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway_knot
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