Math 2.0

Differential geometry Minimal and constant mean curvature surfaces Example

Enneper surface

Example

For (u,v)∈ℝ2(u, v) \in \R^2, let x(u,v)=(u−u33+uv2,  −v+v33−u2v,  u2−v2).x(u, v) = \left(u - \frac{u^3}{3} + u v^2, \; -v + \frac{v^3}{3} - u^2 v, \; u^2 - v^2\right). Its image is the Enneper surface. It is a minimal surface.

Check. The partial derivatives are xu=(1−u2+v2, −2uv, 2u)x_u = (1 - u^2 + v^2, \, -2uv, \, 2u) and xv=(2uv, −1+v2−u2, −2v)x_v = (2uv, \, -1 + v^2 - u^2, \, -2v). A direct computation gives E=G=(1+u2+v2)2E = G = (1 + u^2 + v^2)^2 and F=0F = 0, so xx is a conformal immersion. The second derivatives are xuu=(−2u,−2v,2)x_{uu} = (-2u, -2v, 2) and xvv=(2u,2v,−2)x_{vv} = (2u, 2v, -2), so xuu+xvv=0x_{uu} + x_{vv} = 0. For a conformal parametrization this means that the mean curvature vanishes.

Remarks

In the Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization, this surface has data f=2f = 2 and g(z)=zg(z) = z on ℂ\C, with z=u+ivz = u + iv. The surface is complete, but it is not embedded: it intersects itself. Its Gauss map is the inverse stereographic projection of g(z)=zg(z) = z, which covers the sphere once except for one point, so its total curvature is −4π-4\pi.

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enneper_surface
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Changed2 November 2026

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