Math 2.0

General topology Metric spaces Object

Hilbert cube

Description

Let ℓ2\ell^2 be the space of real sequences x=(xn)n≥1x = (x_n)_{n \ge 1} with ∑nxn2<∞\sum_n x_n^2 < \infty and the norm ∥x∥2=(∑nxn2)1/2\norm{x}_2 = (\sum_n x_n^2)^{1/2}. The Hilbert cube is the subset H={x∈ℓ2:0≤xn≤1/n for all n≥1}H = \set{x \in \ell^2 : 0 \le x_n \le 1/n \text{ for all } n \ge 1} with the metric induced by ∥⋅∥2\norm{\cdot}_2.

Remarks

The map (tn)n≥1↦(tn/n)n≥1(t_n)_{n \ge 1} \mapsto (t_n / n)_{n \ge 1} is a homeomorphism from [0,1]ℕ[0, 1]^{\N}, with the product topology, onto HH. So HH is compact, for example by Tychonoff's theorem. It is also convex in ℓ2\ell^2.

Every separable metrizable space is homeomorphic to a subspace of HH. This is the embedding behind the Urysohn metrization theorem.

The Hilbert cube has the fixed-point property: every continuous map H→HH \to H has a fixed point. This follows from the Schauder fixed-point theorem, since HH is a compact convex subset of a Banach space.

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_cube
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