Math 2.0

Algebraic topology Definition

Horn

Definition

For n≥0n \ge 0 let [n]={0,1,…,n}[n] = \set{0, 1, \dots, n}, and let Δn\Delta^n be the standard nn-simplex simplicial set, whose mm-simplices are the order-preserving maps [m]→[n][m] \to [n]. Let n≥1n \ge 1 and 0≤k≤n0 \le k \le n. The horn Λkn\Lambda^n_k is the simplicial subset of Δn\Delta^n whose mm-simplices are the order-preserving maps α ⁣:[m]→[n]\alpha \colon [m] \to [n] such that α([m])∪{k}≠[n].\alpha([m]) \cup \set{k} \ne [n]. The horn is inner if 0<k<n0 < k < n and outer if k=0k = 0 or k=nk = n.

Remarks

Equivalently, Λkn\Lambda^n_k is the union of the faces diΔn−1⊆Δnd^i \Delta^{n-1} \subseteq \Delta^n for i≠ki \ne k, where did^i is the face that omits the vertex ii. Its geometric realization is the boundary of the nn-simplex with the interior of the face opposite the vertex kk removed.

Example: Λ12\Lambda^2_1 consists of the edges {0,1}\set{0, 1} and {1,2}\set{1, 2} and their vertices. The edge {0,2}\set{0, 2} is the map [1]→[2][1] \to [2] with image {0,2}\set{0, 2}, and {0,2}∪{1}=[2]\set{0, 2} \cup \set{1} = [2], so it is not in Λ12\Lambda^2_1. The edge {0,1}\set{0, 1} has image {0,1}\set{0, 1}, and {0,1}∪{1}≠[2]\set{0, 1} \cup \set{1} \ne [2], so it is in Λ12\Lambda^2_1.

Non-example: the boundary ∂Δ2\partial \Delta^2 contains all three edges, so it is not a horn. The edge {0,2}\set{0, 2} fails the condition for k=1k = 1, the edge {1,2}\set{1, 2} for k=0k = 0, and the edge {0,1}\set{0, 1} for k=2k = 2.

A map Λkn→X\Lambda^n_k \to X to a simplicial set XX is the same as a family of nn simplices xi∈Xn−1x_i \in X_{n-1}, i≠ki \ne k, that agree on their common faces.

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicial_set
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