Quantum computing

Summary

Quantum computing is computation in which the data are held in qubits and processed by unitary operations and measurements. The state of $n$ qubits is a unit vector in a space of dimension $2^n$, and interference between amplitudes can be exploited. Some problems, such as factoring by Shor's algorithm, have quantum algorithms much faster than any known classical algorithm. The problems solved efficiently by quantum computers form the class BQP.