Math 2.0

Real functions Definition

Absolutely monotonic function

Builds on Smooth functionHigher derivativeInterval

Definition

Let I⊆ℝI \subseteq \R be an open interval and let f ⁣:I→ℝf \colon I \to \R be infinitely differentiable. The function ff is absolutely monotonic on II if f(k)(x)≥0f^{(k)}(x) \ge 0 for every integer k≥0k \ge 0 and every x∈Ix \in I. Here f(0)=ff^{(0)} = f and f(k)f^{(k)} is the derivative of order kk. The function ff is completely monotone on II if (−1)kf(k)(x)≥0(-1)^k f^{(k)}(x) \ge 0 for every k≥0k \ge 0 and every x∈Ix \in I.

Remarks

Example: f(x)=exf(x) = e^{x} on ℝ\R is absolutely monotonic, since f(k)(x)=ex>0f^{(k)}(x) = e^x > 0 for all kk. Likewise g(x)=e−xg(x) = e^{-x} is completely monotone, since (−1)kg(k)(x)=e−x>0(-1)^k g^{(k)}(x) = e^{-x} > 0. Non-example: f(x)=x3f(x) = x^3 on (−1,1)(-1, 1) fails at k=0k = 0, since f(−12)<0f(-\tfrac{1}{2}) < 0, although f(3)=6>0f^{(3)} = 6 > 0. The function ff is absolutely monotonic on II if and only if x↦f(−x)x \mapsto f(-x) is completely monotone on −I-I. On an interval that contains an endpoint, such as [0,∞)[0, \infty), one asks the inequalities on the interior and continuity of ff at the endpoint.

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  1. Higher derivative concept
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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernstein%27s_theorem_on_monotone_functions
About this page
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Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC26A48
DefinesAbsolutely monotonic function
UsesSmooth function, Higher derivative, Interval
Changed2 November 2026

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