Math 2.0

Functional analysis Definition

Bartle–Dunford–Schwartz integral

Builds on Vector measureBanach spaceSimple functionMeasurable function

Definition

Let (Ω,Σ)(\Omega, \Sigma) be a measurable space, let EE be a real Banach space, and let μ ⁣:Σ→E\mu \colon \Sigma \to E be a countably additive vector measure. A set N∈ΣN \in \Sigma is μ\mu-null if μ(A)=0\mu(A) = 0 for every A∈ΣA \in \Sigma with A⊆NA \subseteq N.

  1. For a simple function s=∑i=1kai𝟏Ais = \sum_{i=1}^{k} a_i \mathbf{1}_{A_i} with ai∈ℝa_i \in \R and Ai∈ΣA_i \in \Sigma, and for B∈ΣB \in \Sigma, put ∫Bs dμ=∑i=1kai μ(Ai∩B)\int_B s \, d\mu = \sum_{i=1}^{k} a_i \, \mu(A_i \cap B).
  2. A measurable f ⁣:Ω→ℝf \colon \Omega \to \R is μ\mu-integrable if there are simple functions sn→fs_n \to f, pointwise outside a μ\mu-null set, such that ∫Bsn dμ\int_B s_n \, d\mu converges in EE for every B∈ΣB \in \Sigma.
  3. For such ff, the Bartle–Dunford–Schwartz integral is ∫Bf dμ=lim⁡n→∞∫Bsn dμ\int_B f \, d\mu = \lim_{n \to \infty} \int_B s_n \, d\mu for B∈ΣB \in \Sigma.

The limit in clause 3 does not depend on the choice of the sequence (sn)(s_n).

Remarks

Example: every bounded measurable ff is μ\mu-integrable. Take simple sns_n with ∣sn−f∣≤1/n\abs{s_n - f} \le 1/n everywhere. For a simple ss with ∣s∣≤c\abs{s} \le c one has ∥∫Bs dμ∥≤c ∥μ∥(Ω)\norm{\int_B s \, d\mu} \le c \, \norm{\mu}(\Omega). Here ∥μ∥(Ω)\norm{\mu}(\Omega) is the supremum of ∥∑iaiμ(Ai)∥\norm{\sum_i a_i \mu(A_i)} over finite measurable partitions (Ai)(A_i) of Ω\Omega and reals ∣ai∣≤1\abs{a_i} \le 1; it is finite when μ\mu is countably additive. Apply this to s=sn−sms = s_n - s_m. So ∫Bsn dμ\int_B s_n \, d\mu is a Cauchy sequence in EE.

Non-example: let μ\mu be Lebesgue measure on (0,1](0, 1], viewed as a vector measure with values in ℝ\R, and f(x)=1/xf(x) = 1/x. For a real-valued finite measure, integrability in the sense of clause 2 is the same as Lebesgue integrability. Since ∫01dx/x=∞\int_0^1 dx / x = \infty, no sequence as in clause 2 exists, and ff is not μ\mu-integrable.

When E=ℝE = \R and μ\mu is a finite signed measure, the integral is the Lebesgue integral against μ\mu. For each continuous linear functional x∗x^* on EE, x∗(∫Bf dμ)=∫Bf d(x∗∘μ)x^* \big( \int_B f \, d\mu \big) = \int_B f \, d(x^* \circ \mu).

Reading path

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  1. Banach space concept
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  3. Simple function concept
  4. Vector measure concept
  5. Bartle–Dunford–Schwartz integral definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_measure
About this page
TagATG4DQZZT9
URIm2://ATG4DQZZT9
Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC46G10, 28B05
DefinesBartle–Dunford–Schwartz integral
UsesVector measure, Banach space, Simple function, Measurable function
Changed2 November 2026

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