Math 2.0

Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer Definition

Black body

Builds on Thermal radiationElectromagnetic radiation

Definition

A black body is an idealised body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, for every wavelength and every direction of incidence. So it reflects and transmits none. Black-body radiation is the thermal radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature.

Remarks

Example: a small hole in the wall of an opaque cavity whose walls are at uniform temperature. Radiation that enters the hole is reflected many times inside and is absorbed before it leaves, so the hole absorbs almost all incident radiation, as required. It is the standard laboratory approximation of a black body.

Non-example: a polished silver plate. It reflects most of the visible light falling on it, so it fails the absorption condition.

A black body in equilibrium is a perfect emitter: at each temperature, wavelength and direction, no body emits more. Its emission is the same in all directions when measured as radiance, that is, it is a diffuse emitter.

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  1. Electromagnetic radiation concept
  2. Thermal radiation concept
  3. Black body definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_body
About this page
Tag33MF92TMW9
URIm2://33MF92TMW9
Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC80A21, 78A40
DefinesBlack body
UsesThermal radiation, Electromagnetic radiation
Changed3 November 2026

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