Dirac equation

Summary

The Dirac equation is the relativistic wave equation for particles of spin one half, such as the electron. It is a first-order system for a function with four complex components, and its coefficients are the Dirac matrices, which generate a Clifford algebra. Each component of a solution solves the Klein–Gordon equation, so the Dirac equation is a kind of square root of it. It predicted antimatter and explains the spin and magnetic moment of the electron.