Math 2.0

Differential geometry Definition

Fukaya category

Builds on Symplectic manifoldLagrangian submanifoldPseudoholomorphic curveFloer homologyAlmost complex manifold

Definition

This gives the simplest version, over the field 𝔽2\F_2, in the exact setting. Let (M,ω)(M, \omega) be an exact symplectic manifold, ω=dλ\omega = d\lambda, that is convex at infinity. Fix a generic almost complex structure JJ compatible with ω\omega and of contact type at infinity.

  1. The objects are the closed exact Lagrangian submanifolds L⊂ML \subset M, those for which λ∣L\lambda|_L is exact.
  2. Let L0,L1L_0, L_1 be objects meeting transversally. The morphism space hom⁡(L0,L1)\hom(L_0, L_1) is the 𝔽2\F_2-vector space CF(L0,L1)CF(L_0, L_1) with basis the finite set L0∩L1L_0 \cap L_1. For non-transverse pairs one first moves L1L_1 by a chosen Hamiltonian perturbation.
  3. For k≥1k \ge 1 and objects L0,…,LkL_0, \ldots, L_k, there is a map μk ⁣:hom⁡(Lk−1,Lk)⊗⋯⊗hom⁡(L0,L1)→hom⁡(L0,Lk)\mu^k \colon \hom(L_{k-1}, L_k) \otimes \cdots \otimes \hom(L_0, L_1) \to \hom(L_0, L_k) It sends xk⊗⋯⊗x1x_k \otimes \cdots \otimes x_1 to ∑ym(y;x1,…,xk) y\sum_y m(y; x_1, \ldots, x_k)\, y. The number m(y;x1,…,xk)∈𝔽2m(y; x_1, \ldots, x_k) \in \F_2 counts modulo 22 certain pseudoholomorphic maps uu from a disc with k+1k + 1 boundary punctures to MM. These maps send the boundary arcs in cyclic order to L0,L1,…,LkL_0, L_1, \ldots, L_k and converge to x1,…,xkx_1, \ldots, x_k and yy at the punctures. Only maps in moduli spaces of dimension 00 are counted.

The Fukaya category of MM is this collection of objects, morphism spaces and maps μk\mu^k.

Remarks

The maps satisfy the A∞A_\infty relations: for every k≥1k \ge 1, ∑m+n≤kμk−m+1(xk,…,xn+m+1,μm(xn+m,…,xn+1),xn,…,x1)=0,\sum_{m + n \le k} \mu^{k - m + 1}\left(x_k, \ldots, x_{n + m + 1}, \mu^m(x_{n + m}, \ldots, x_{n + 1}), x_n, \ldots, x_1\right) = 0, with m≥1m \ge 1 and n≥0n \ge 0 (over 𝔽2\F_2 there are no signs). For k=1k = 1 this says μ1∘μ1=0\mu^1 \circ \mu^1 = 0, and μ1\mu^1 is the Lagrangian Floer differential. For k=2k = 2 it says that μ2\mu^2 is a chain map, and for k=3k = 3 that μ2\mu^2 is associative up to the homotopy μ3\mu^3. So the cohomology groups HF(L0,L1)HF(L_0, L_1) with the product induced by μ2\mu^2 form an ordinary category, the Donaldson–Fukaya category.

Example: in T∗S1=ℝ×S1T^*S^1 = \R \times S^1 with λ=p dθ\lambda = p\,d\theta, the zero section and the graph of dfd f for a function ff on S1S^1 are exact Lagrangians. A non-example of an object is a circle {p=c}\set{p = c} with c≠0c \ne 0: there λ∣L=c dθ\lambda|_L = c\, d\theta is closed but not exact.

The construction for closed or non-exact manifolds needs much more work, because of disc bubbling; Fukaya, Oh, Ohta and Ono developed it with obstruction theory. Working over ℤ\Z or with a ℤ\Z-grading needs extra data on the Lagrangians, such as spin structures and gradings.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 6 pages in order. The foundations come first.

Show the path as a graph
Each page uses the pages above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows how strong the evidence is, and the box also gives it as text. The list has the same pages.
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  1. Almost complex manifold concept
  2. Floer homology concept
  3. Lagrangian submanifold concept
  4. Pseudoholomorphic curve concept
  5. Symplectic manifold concept
  6. Fukaya category definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukaya_category
About this page
Tag6RE2JMYMA0
URIm2://6RE2JMYMA0
Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC53D37, 53D40
DefinesFukaya category
UsesSymplectic manifold, Lagrangian submanifold, Pseudoholomorphic curve, Floer homology, Almost complex manifold
Changed2 November 2026

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