Math 2.0

General algebraic systems Definition

Majority term

Builds on Near-unanimity termVariety of algebrasTerm operationIdentity

Definition

Let 𝒱\mathcal{V} be a variety of algebras. A majority term for 𝒱\mathcal{V} is a ternary term m(x,y,z)m(x, y, z) such that 𝒱\mathcal{V} satisfies the identities m(x,x,y)≈m(x,y,x)≈m(y,x,x)≈x.m(x, x, y) \approx m(x, y, x) \approx m(y, x, x) \approx x. Equivalently, a majority term is a near-unanimity term of arity 33.

Remarks

Example: on {0,1}\set{0, 1} the Boolean majority function m(x,y,z)=(x∧y)∨(y∧z)∨(x∧z)m(x, y, z) = (x \wedge y) \vee (y \wedge z) \vee (x \wedge z) is a majority term of the two-element Boolean algebra. Check: if two arguments equal aa, then one of the three meets equals aa and the other two are at most aa, so the join is aa. Non-example: the term p(x,y,z)=x−y+zp(x, y, z) = x - y + z of abelian groups satisfies p(x,x,y)≈yp(x, x, y) \approx y, not xx, so it fails the first identity. In fact no variety of groups other than the trivial variety has a majority term, since such a variety is not congruence-distributive.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 5 pages in order. The foundations come first.

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  1. Identity concept
  2. Near-unanimity term concept
  3. Term operation concept
  4. Variety of algebras concept
  5. Majority term definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority_function
About this page
TagDQ14ERMRTZ
URIm2://DQ14ERMRTZ
Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC08B05, 08B10
DefinesMajority term
UsesNear-unanimity term, Variety of algebras, Term operation, Identity
Changed2 November 2026

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