Math 2.0

General topology Definition

Paracompact space

Builds on Topological spaceOpen coverLocally finite family

Definition

Let XX be a topological space. An open cover ๐’ฑ\mathcal{V} of XX is a refinement of an open cover ๐’ฐ\mathcal{U} if every Vโˆˆ๐’ฑV \in \mathcal{V} is contained in some Uโˆˆ๐’ฐU \in \mathcal{U}. The space XX is paracompact if every open cover of XX has an open refinement that is a locally finite family.

Remarks

Example: โ„\R is paracompact. Given an open cover ๐’ฐ\mathcal{U}, each compact interval [n,n+1][n, n + 1] is covered by finitely many members of ๐’ฐ\mathcal{U}. Intersect these members with (nโˆ’1,n+2)(n - 1, n + 2); the resulting sets, over all nโˆˆโ„คn \in \Z, form a locally finite open refinement.

Non-example: the long line is not paracompact, although it is Hausdorff and locally homeomorphic to โ„\R.

Every compact space is paracompact, since a finite subcover is a locally finite refinement. Some authors include the Hausdorff condition in the definition of a paracompact space.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 4 pages in order. The foundations come first.

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  1. Locally finite family concept
  2. Open cover concept
  3. Topological space concept
  4. Paracompact space definition

Where this leads

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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracompact_space
About this page
TagZH29VRRRJ6
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Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC54D20
DefinesParacompact space
UsesTopological space, Open cover, Locally finite family
Changed2 November 2026

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