Math 2.0

General topology Exotic spaces and counterexamples Counterexample

Sorgenfrey line

Builds on Separable spaceFirst-countable spaceSecond-countable spaceMetrizable spaceLindelöf spaceTotally disconnected space

Counterexample

The Sorgenfrey line ℝℓ\R_\ell is the set ℝ\R with the topology generated by the base of half-open intervals [a,b)[a, b) with a<ba < b. It is separable and first-countable, but it is not second-countable and not metrizable.

Remarks

The rationals are dense, since each [a,b)[a, b) contains a rational number. The intervals [x,x+1/n)[x, x + 1/n) for n≥1n \ge 1 form a countable neighbourhood base at xx. Let ℬ\mathcal{B} be any base. For each x∈ℝx \in \R choose Bx∈ℬB_x \in \mathcal{B} with x∈Bx⊆[x,x+1)x \in B_x \subseteq [x, x + 1). Then xx is the least element of BxB_x, so x↦Bxx \mapsto B_x is injective and ℬ\mathcal{B} is uncountable. A separable metrizable space is second-countable, so ℝℓ\R_\ell is not metrizable. The Sorgenfrey line is finer than the usual topology, it is Lindelöf and normal, and it is totally disconnected because each [a,b)[a, b) is both open and closed.

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  1. First-countable space concept
  2. Lindelöf space concept
  3. Metrizable space concept
  4. Second-countable space concept
  5. Separable space concept
  6. Totally disconnected space concept
  7. Sorgenfrey line counterexample

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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_limit_topology
About this page
TagY4T3GVK8GV
URIm2://Y4T3GVK8GV
Kindcounterexample
WritingW0 stub
MSC54G20, 54A10
UsesSeparable space, First-countable space, Second-countable space, Metrizable space, Lindelöf space, Totally disconnected space
Changed2 November 2026

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