Math 2.0

General topology Exotic spaces and counterexamples Counterexample

Tychonoff plank

Builds on Ordinal numberProduct topologyCompact spaceHausdorff spaceNormal spaceSubspace topologyTychonoff space

Counterexample

Let ω\omega be the first infinite ordinal and ω1\omega_1 the first uncountable ordinal. Give [0,ω1][0, \omega_1] and [0,ω][0, \omega] the order topology, and let T=[0,ω1]×[0,ω]T = [0, \omega_1] \times [0, \omega] with the product topology. This is the Tychonoff plank. The deleted Tychonoff plank is the subspace T∞=T∖{(ω1,ω)}T_\infty = T \setminus \set{(\omega_1, \omega)}. The plank TT is compact and Hausdorff, hence normal, but the open subspace T∞T_\infty is not normal.

Remarks

The sets A={ω1}×[0,ω)A = \set{\omega_1} \times [0, \omega) and B=[0,ω1)×{ω}B = [0, \omega_1) \times \set{\omega} are disjoint and closed in T∞T_\infty. Let UU be an open set of T∞T_\infty containing AA. For each n<ωn < \omega there is αn<ω1\alpha_n < \omega_1 with (αn,ω1]×{n}⊆U(\alpha_n, \omega_1] \times \set{n} \subseteq U. The supremum α\alpha of the countably many αn\alpha_n is still countable, so α+1<ω1\alpha + 1 < \omega_1 and (α+1,n)∈U(\alpha + 1, n) \in U for every nn. Any open set VV containing (α+1,ω)∈B(\alpha + 1, \omega) \in B contains (α+1,n)(\alpha + 1, n) for all large nn, so VV meets UU. Hence AA and BB cannot be separated, and T∞T_\infty is not normal. Since T∞T_\infty is a subspace of the compact Hausdorff space TT, it is a Tychonoff space; so an open subspace of a normal space need not be normal.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 8 pages in order. The foundations come first.

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Each page uses the pages above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows how strong the evidence is, and the box also gives it as text. The list has the same pages.
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  1. Compact space concept
  2. Hausdorff space concept
  3. Normal space concept
  4. Ordinal number concept
  5. Product topology concept
  6. Subspace topology concept
  7. Tychonoff space concept
  8. Tychonoff plank counterexample

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychonoff_plank
About this page
TagD440JPY3QG
URIm2://D440JPY3QG
Kindcounterexample
WritingW0 stub
MSC54G20, 54D15, 54F05
UsesOrdinal number, Product topology, Compact space, Hausdorff space, Normal space, Subspace topology, Tychonoff space
Changed2 November 2026

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