Manifolds and cell complexes Topological manifolds: basic notions Counterexample
Wild knot
Builds on KnotTopological embeddingHomeomorphism
Counterexample
A knot is a topological embedding . It is tame if there is a homeomorphism such that is a closed polygon with finitely many sides; otherwise it is wild.
Let be a point of . Take a sequence of small trefoil knots, of sizes tending to , placed one after the other along an arc that ends at . Tie them all into one closed curve that passes through , so that every neighbourhood of contains infinitely many of the small trefoils. The result is a knot, and it is wild. Every point of a polygonal knot has a small ball around it that meets the knot in one unknotted arc. A homeomorphism of carries this local picture along. At the knot has no such ball, because every small ball around contains whole knotted trefoils of the sequence. One shows that this local knotting cannot be undone.
Remarks
So not every topological knot is tame, and knot theory usually restricts to tame knots, for example to smooth or polygonal ones. The local flatness property at every point, which fails at , characterizes tame knots among topological ones. Wild knots and other wild embeddings, such as the Alexander horned sphere, are studied in the theory of wild embeddings.
Reading path
To understand this page from the ground up, read these 4 pages in order. The foundations come first.
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- Homeomorphism concept
- Knot concept
- Topological embedding concept
- Wild knot counterexample
Further reading
About this page
| Tag | QYDQ28X8MA |
|---|---|
| URI | m2://QYDQ28X8MA |
| Kind | counterexample |
| Writing | W0 stub |
| MSC | 57M30, 57K10 |
| Uses | Knot, Topological embedding, Homeomorphism |
| Same as | |
| Changed | 2 November 2026 |
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