Category theory; homological algebra Definition
Elementary theory of the category of sets
Builds on CategoryToposInitial and terminal objectsEpimorphismSubobject classifier
Definition
The Elementary Theory of the Category of Sets (ETCS) is the first-order theory of a category with the following axioms.
- is an elementary topos.
- is nondegenerate: its terminal object is not an initial object.
- is well-pointed: for every two distinct morphisms there is a morphism with .
- has a natural numbers object , as described below.
- Every epimorphism in has a section, a morphism with .
A natural numbers object is an object with morphisms and with this property. For every object with morphisms and there is a unique with and .
Remarks
Example: the category of sets and functions, built in a model of ZFC, satisfies all five axioms. Its natural numbers object is with and , and the sections come from the axiom of choice. Non-example: the category of sets with an action of the group is a nondegenerate topos with a natural numbers object, but it is not well-pointed. Its terminal object is a one-point set, and a morphism is a fixed point of . On with the action by translation there are no fixed points, so the identity and the swap of are distinct but agree on all morphisms . In ETCS an element of is a morphism , and the subsets of are classified by maps into the subobject classifier, which turns out to be . ETCS has no axiom schema of replacement.
Reading path
To understand this page from the ground up, read these 6 pages in order. The foundations come first.
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- no evidence level
- Category concept
- Epimorphism concept
- Initial and terminal objects concept
- Subobject classifier concept
- Topos concept
- Elementary theory of the category of sets definition
Further reading
About this page
| Tag | B138JA6W20 |
|---|---|
| URI | m2://B138JA6W20 |
| Kind | definition |
| Writing | W0 stub |
| MSC | 18B05, 03G30, 18A15 |
| Defines | Elementary theory of the category of sets |
| Uses | Category, Topos, Initial and terminal objects, Epimorphism, Subobject classifier |
| Changed | 2 November 2026 |
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