Math 2.0

Theorem

Lyndon's interpolation theorem

Statement

Suppose that S and T are two first-order theories. As notation, let S ∪ T denote the smallest theory including both S and T; the signature of S ∪ T is the smallest one containing the signatures of S and T. Also let S ∩ T be the intersection of the languages of the two theories; the signature of S ∩ T is the intersection of the signatures of the two languages.

Lyndon's theorem says that if S ∪ T is unsatisfiable, then there is an interpolating sentence ρ in the language of S ∩ T that is true in all models of S and false in all models of T. Moreover, ρ has the stronger property that every relation symbol that has a positive occurrence in ρ has a positive occurrence in some formula of S and a negative occurrence in some formula of T, and every relation symbol with a negative occurrence in ρ has a negative occurrence in some formula of S and a positive occurrence in some formula of T.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 2 pages in order. The foundations come first. The path takes the proof Proof of Lyndon's interpolation theorem.

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  1. Proof of Lyndon's interpolation theorem proof
  2. Lyndon's interpolation theorem statement

Further reading

  1. Wikipedia, page 2056790, revision 1321826961, Craig interpolation, section Lyndon's interpolation theorem. adopted
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Changed4 November 2026

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