Math 2.0

Mathematical logic and foundations Inner models and forcing Object

Zero sharp

Builds on Constructible universeOrdinal number

Description

Let LL be the constructible universe. Suppose that there is a closed unbounded class II of ordinals with the following property for every uncountable cardinal κ\kappa. The set I∩κI \cap \kappa has order type κ\kappa and is a set of indiscernibles for the structure (Lκ,∈)(L_\kappa, \in). Every element of LκL_\kappa is definable in LκL_\kappa from finitely many elements of I∩κI \cap \kappa. Such a class is unique when it exists, and its elements are the Silver indiscernibles. In this case zero sharp is the set 0♯={⌜φ⌝:Lℵω⊨φ[ℵ1,…,ℵn]}.0^\sharp = \set{\ulcorner \varphi \urcorner : L_{\aleph_\omega} \models \varphi[\aleph_1, \ldots, \aleph_n]}. Here φ(x1,…,xn)\varphi(x_1, \ldots, x_n) runs over the formulas of set theory, and ⌜φ⌝\ulcorner \varphi \urcorner is the Gödel number of φ\varphi. One says that 0♯0^\sharp exists when such a class II exists.

Remarks

Since 0♯0^\sharp is a set of natural numbers, it is often treated as a real number. If 0♯0^\sharp exists, then every uncountable cardinal of VV is a Silver indiscernible, and hence an inaccessible cardinal in LL. If 0♯0^\sharp exists, then 0♯∉L0^\sharp \notin L, so V≠LV \neq L. Silver proved that 0♯0^\sharp exists if there is a measurable cardinal. If 0♯0^\sharp does not exist, then Jensen's covering theorem shows that LL is close to VV. If ZFC is consistent, it does not prove that 0♯0^\sharp exists, since 0♯0^\sharp does not exist in LL.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 27 pages in order. The foundations come first.

Show the path as a graph
Element, definition, no evidence levelElementdefinitionOrdinal number, concept, no evidence levelOrdinal numberconceptProposition, concept, no evidence levelPropositionconceptSet, concept, no evidence levelSetconceptSet, definition, no evidence levelSetdefinitionConjunction, definition, no evidence levelConjunctiondefinitionDisjunction, definition, no evidence levelDisjunctiondefinitionImplication, definition, no evidence levelImplicationdefinitionNegation, definition, no evidence levelNegationdefinitionPredicate, definition, no evidence levelPredicatedefinitionBiconditional, definition, no evidence levelBiconditionaldefinitionTruth table, concept, no evidence levelTruth tableconceptModus ponens, concept, no evidence levelModus ponensconceptUniversal quantifier, definition, no evidence levelUniversal quantifierdefinitionAxiom of extensionality, statement, no evidence levelAxiom of extensionali…statementMathematical proof, concept, no evidence levelMathematical proofconceptPropositional logic, concept, no evidence levelPropositional logicconceptTautology, definition, no evidence levelTautologydefinitionPredicate logic, concept, no evidence levelPredicate logicconceptLogical equivalence, definition, no evidence levelLogical equivalencedefinitionZermelo–Fraenkel set theory, concept, no evidence levelZermelo–Fraenkel set …conceptDouble negation law, statement, no evidence levelDouble negation lawstatementProof by contradiction, concept, no evidence levelProof by contradictionconceptRussell's paradox, statement, no evidence levelRussell's paradoxstatementClass, concept, no evidence levelClassconceptConstructible universe, object, no evidence levelConstructible universeobjectZero sharp, object, no evidence levelZero sharpobject
Each page uses the pages above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows how strong the evidence is, and the box also gives it as text. The list has the same pages.
  • no evidence level
  1. Element definition
  2. Ordinal number concept
  3. Proposition concept
  4. Set concept
  5. Set definition
  6. Conjunction definition
  7. Disjunction definition
  8. Implication definition
  9. Negation definition
  10. Predicate definition
  11. Biconditional definition
  12. Truth table concept
  13. Modus ponens concept
  14. Universal quantifier definition
  15. Axiom of extensionality statement
  16. Mathematical proof concept
  17. Propositional logic concept
  18. Tautology definition
  19. Predicate logic concept
  20. Logical equivalence definition
  21. Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory concept
  22. Double negation law statement
  23. Proof by contradiction concept
  24. Russell's paradox statement
  25. Class concept
  26. Constructible universe object
  27. Zero sharp object

Where this leads

1 page builds on this one.

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_sharp
About this page
TagHCTNBZZQ0W
URIm2://HCTNBZZQ0W
Kindobject
WritingW0 stub
MSC03E45, 03E55
UsesConstructible universe, Ordinal number
Same as
Changed2 November 2026

Markdown · JSON · Edit on GitHub

What this page needs for W1

  • an inventory row: the row of the inventory that the node accounts for (0 of 1)
  • a source with a locator (0 of 1)

The writing levels say how complete the text of a page is. They do not measure its truth.

What links here

Results about this

Used by