Math 2.0

statement theorem

Integration by parts

Statement

Let a<ba < b and let u,v ⁣:[a,b]→Ru, v \colon [a, b] \to \mathbb{R} be continuously differentiable. Then ∫abu(x)v′(x) dx=u(b)v(b)−u(a)v(a)−∫abu′(x)v(x) dx.\int_a^b u(x) v'(x) \, dx = u(b) v(b) - u(a) v(a) - \int_a^b u'(x) v(x) \, dx.

Remarks

By the product rule, uvuv is an antiderivative of uv′+u′vu v' + u' v. Apply the second fundamental theorem. For indefinite integrals, the formula is ∫u dv=uv−∫v du\int u \, dv = u v - \int v \, du. For example, ∫01xex dx=e−(e−1)=1\int_0^1 x e^x \, dx = e - (e - 1) = 1. Mathlib states it as intervalIntegral.integral_mul_deriv_eq_deriv_mul.

Explanations

L1 human

Integration by parts is the product rule read backwards. It moves the derivative from one factor to the other, at the cost of a boundary term.

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What this needs

To read this node, read these 34 nodes in this order. The foundations come first, and the list ends with this node.

Limit point of a set, definition, no evidence levelLimit point of a setdefinitionLocal maximum, definition, no evidence levelLocal maximumdefinitionPartition of an interval, definition, no evidence levelPartition of an inter…definitionSequence, definition, no evidence levelSequencedefinitionLimit of a function, definition, no evidence levelLimit of a functiondefinitionLocal minimum, definition, no evidence levelLocal minimumdefinitionMesh of a partition, definition, no evidence levelMesh of a partitiondefinitionRiemann sum, definition, no evidence levelRiemann sumdefinitionReal sequence, definition, no evidence levelReal sequencedefinitionSubsequence, definition, no evidence levelSubsequencedefinitionContinuity at a point, definition, no evidence levelContinuity at a pointdefinitionDerivative, definition, no evidence levelDerivativedefinitionRiemann integrable function, definition, no evidence levelRiemann integrable fu…definitionBounded sequence, definition, no evidence levelBounded sequencedefinitionLimit of a sequence, definition, no evidence levelLimit of a sequencedefinitionMonotone sequence, definition, no evidence levelMonotone sequencedefinitionContinuous function, definition, no evidence levelContinuous functiondefinitionDifferentiable function, definition, no evidence levelDifferentiable functi…definitionFermat's theorem on stationary points, statement, no evidence levelFermat's theorem on s…statementConvergent sequence, definition, no evidence levelConvergent sequencedefinitionMonotone convergence theorem for sequences, statement, no evidence levelMonotone convergence …statementEvery sequence has a monotone subsequence, statement, no evidence levelEvery sequence has a …statementDifferentiable functions are continuous, statement, no evidence levelDifferentiable functi…statementDerivative function, definition, no evidence levelDerivative functiondefinitionBolzano–Weierstrass theorem, statement, no evidence levelBolzano–Weierstrass t…statementProduct rule, statement, no evidence levelProduct rulestatementBoundedness theorem, statement, no evidence levelBoundedness theoremstatementHigher derivative, definition, no evidence levelHigher derivativedefinitionExtreme value theorem, statement, no evidence levelExtreme value theoremstatementContinuously differentiable function, definition, no evidence levelContinuously differen…definitionRolle's theorem, statement, no evidence levelRolle's theoremstatementMean value theorem, statement, no evidence levelMean value theoremstatementSecond fundamental theorem of calculus, statement, no evidence levelSecond fundamental th…statementIntegration by parts, statement, no evidence levelIntegration by partsstatement
Each node uses the nodes above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows the evidence level, and the box also gives it as text. The list below has the same nodes.
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  1. Limit point of a set definition
  2. Local maximum definition
  3. Partition of an interval definition
  4. Sequence definition
  5. Limit of a function definition
  6. Local minimum definition
  7. Mesh of a partition definition
  8. Riemann sum definition
  9. Real sequence definition
  10. Subsequence definition
  11. Continuity at a point definition
  12. Derivative definition
  13. Riemann integrable function definition
  14. Bounded sequence definition
  15. Limit of a sequence definition
  16. Monotone sequence definition
  17. Continuous function definition
  18. Differentiable function definition
  19. Fermat's theorem on stationary points statement
  20. Convergent sequence definition
  21. Monotone convergence theorem for sequences statement
  22. Every sequence has a monotone subsequence statement
  23. Differentiable functions are continuous statement
  24. Derivative function definition
  25. Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem statement
  26. Product rule statement
  27. Boundedness theorem statement
  28. Higher derivative definition
  29. Extreme value theorem statement
  30. Continuously differentiable function definition
  31. Rolle's theorem statement
  32. Mean value theorem statement
  33. Second fundamental theorem of calculus statement
  34. Integration by parts statement

What depends on this

6 nodes use this node, directly or through other nodes.

Sources

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_by_parts, Product of two functions

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