Mathematical logic and foundations Proof
Proof of the double negation law by a truth table
Proof
We compare the truth tables of and .
- Let be a proposition. In classical logic, is either true or false.
- Suppose is true. By the definition of negation, is false. Applying the definition again, is true.
- Suppose is false. By the definition of negation, is true. Applying the definition again, is false.
- The truth table is this.
| T | F | T |
| F | T | F |
- By steps 1, 2 and 3, and have the same truth value for each truth value of .
- So and are logically equivalent, that is, .
Idea
Negation swaps true and false. Swapping twice gives back the original truth value, so always agrees with .
Reading path
To understand this page from the ground up, read these 11 pages in order. The foundations come first.
Show the path as a graph
- no evidence level
- Proposition concept
- Conjunction definition
- Disjunction definition
- Implication definition
- Negation definition
- Biconditional definition
- Truth table concept
- Propositional logic concept
- Tautology definition
- Logical equivalence definition
- Proof of the double negation law by a truth table proof
Where this leads
1294 pages build on this one.
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- Hoeffding's inequality
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- The exterior derivative squares to zero
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- Identity theorem
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- Morse–Smale system
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- Proof of Taylor's theorem by repeated use of L'Hôpital's rule
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- Proof of the argument principle by the residue theorem
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- Riesz projector
- Arnold tongue
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- Proof that the binomial series has radius of convergence 1
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- Routh–Hurwitz theorem
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- Proof of the principal axis theorem from the spectral theorem
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- Proof that the complex exponential is its own derivative
- Shell theorem
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- Ergodic decomposition
- Proof that log x is at most x - 1
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- Hellinger–Reissner principle
- Proof of the impossibility of squaring the circle
- Proof of the Leibniz formula for pi by integrating a finite geometric sum
- Holomorphic inverse function theorem
- Minimal curvature property of natural cubic splines
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- Newton's law of universal gravitation
- Osgood uniqueness criterion
- Operational calculus
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- Koksma–Hlawka inequality
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- Proof of Rolle's theorem
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- Riemann zeta function as a series
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- Carleman estimate for harmonic measure
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- Proof of the singular value decomposition from the spectral theorem
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- Type system
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- Proof of the formula for the mean of the normal distribution
- Alfvén's frozen-in flux theorem
- Reynolds transport theorem
- Quantum Zeno effect
- Hilbert–Schmidt expansion theorem
- L2 convergence of Fourier series
- Proof of Morera's theorem by a local primitive
- Proof of the mean value property via a holomorphic function with real part u
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- Proof that (1 + x/n)^n tends to exp(x), by the binomial theorem
- Removable singularities for harmonic functions
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- Method of image charges
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- Kinetic energy
- Smoothing by convolution
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- Affine differential geometry
- Weierstrass product for the gamma function
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- Proof of Sylvester's criterion by induction and completing the square
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- Naive set theory
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- Asymptotic equipartition property
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- Cauchy-type integral
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- Virial mass
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- Jacobi integral
- Brunt–Väisälä frequency
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- Difference quotient
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- Gain and phase margin
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- Celestial mechanics
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- Proof that reversing a path changes the sign of a line integral
- Constructive analysis
- Proof that a C^1 map with invertible derivative is a local homeomorphism and an open map
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- Poisson–Jensen formula
- Spectral theorem for compact self-adjoint operators
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- Bi-elliptic transfer
- Failure of Aizerman's conjecture
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- Multiplication formula for the Fourier transform
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- Curry–Howard correspondence
- Gauss's test
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- Second fundamental form
- Proof of differentiation under the integral sign
- Rectangular function
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- Mass–luminosity relation
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- Hindley–Milner type system
- Proof of the product formula for the moment-generating function of a sum of independent random variables
- Fresnel equations
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- Magnetic monopole
- Accretion disk
- Conservation of energy
- Principle of material frame-indifference
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- Stiff equation
- Proof that the reals have the cardinality of the continuum
- Smoothness and analyticity of harmonic functions
- Sobolev inequality
- Proof that the exponential function is positive
- Proof of the path independence of line integrals
- Fáry–Milnor theorem
- Laplace transform methods in heat conduction
- Symplectic manifold
- Proof that C^1 vector fields satisfy the Picard–Lindelöf hypotheses
- Proof of Jordan's lemma by Jordan's inequality
- Mixed state
- Proof of the Weierstrass approximation theorem
- ADM formalism
- Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations
- Proof of the alternating series test
- Azuma's inequality
- Proof of the uniqueness of limits
- Cyclotomic field
- Proof that uniform limits commute with integration
- Proof of Stokes' theorem by pulling back to Green's theorem
- Proof of the logarithm of a quotient
- Mean value theorem for divided differences
- Blancmange curve
- Proof of the residue formula at a simple pole
- Implicit function theorem in Banach spaces
- Proof that holomorphic functions are infinitely differentiable
- First fundamental form
- Proof of the integral equation form of an initial value problem
- Melnikov method
- Geodetic triangulation
- Sub-mean value property
- Erdős–Kac theorem
- Proof of the residue theorem by subtracting principal parts
- Lens equation
- Tauberian condition
- Proof that the integral of a continuous function is an antiderivative
- Strong cosmic censorship conjecture
- Proof that there are exactly n nth roots of unity
- Proof of the open mapping theorem by the maximum modulus principle
- Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field
- Proof of Taylor's theorem with the Cauchy remainder by the mean value theorem
- Steinitz's theorem on algebraically closed fields
- Inelastic collision
- Proof that power series are differentiable inside the radius of convergence
- Euler's elastica
- Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction
- Uniqueness theorem for Poisson's equation
- Kakutani's solution of the Dirichlet problem
- Raabe's test
- Purification of a quantum state
- Gleason's theorem
- Weak cosmic censorship conjecture
- Proof of Cauchy's integral formula by a primitive of the difference quotient
- Numerical continuation
- Proof of the eigenvalue criteria for stability of linear systems via the Jordan normal form
- Converse of the mean value property
- Smoothness classes
- Real solutions from a complex eigenpair of a real matrix
- Two-body problem
- Uniform convergence of absolutely summable Fourier series
- Proof of the de Moivre–Laplace theorem from the central limit theorem
- Total internal reflection
- Local existence of harmonic conjugates
- Ledoux criterion
- Proof that uniform convergence of derivatives allows term-by-term differentiation
- Non-vanishing of the zeta function on the line Re s = 1
- Type safety
- Univalence axiom
- Inverted pendulum
- Euler–Maruyama method
- Proof that the complex exponential is 2πi-periodic
- Liénard equation
- Proof of Riemann's theorem on removable singularities
- Orbital mechanics
- Bonnor–Ebert mass
- Proof of the parametric formula for line integrals
- Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit
- Monte Carlo integration
- Ehrenfest equations
- Post-Newtonian expansion
- Differentiation operator as inverse of integration
- Earnshaw's theorem
- Conformal radius
- Proof of Cauchy's estimates
- Girard's paradox
- Inductive type
- Delta method
- Proof of the Chernoff bound
- Regular surface
- Proof of the derivative of arctangent
- Stone's theorem on one-parameter unitary groups
- Proof that the degree of a constructible number is a power of two
- Proof of the formula for the variance of the normal distribution
- Proof of the power series of cosine
- Betti's reciprocal theorem
- Closing lemma
- Adams–Williamson equation
- Realizability
- Type inference
- Logarithmically convex function
- Sequential quadratic programming
- Richards equation
- Hartogs's theorem on separate holomorphicity
- Charge conservation
- Proof of the classification of complex quadratic forms by rescaling a diagonal form
- Harmonic measure
- Proof that a differentiable function is convex iff its derivative is increasing
- Total curvature
- Anosov flow
- Tisserand's parameter
- Homotopy type theory
- RLC circuit
- Superharmonic potential
- Intuitionistic type theory
- Proof that the principal logarithm is holomorphic off the branch cut
- Polytrope
- Cauchy formula for repeated integration
- Lidskii's trace formula for integral operators
- Nyquist stability criterion
- Interface conditions for electromagnetic fields
- Heteroclinic orbit
- Fenchel's theorem
- Proof that the logarithm grows slower than any power
- Constructivism
- Proof of the angle addition formulas by differentiation
- Proof of the Euler product formula
- Hamiltonian operator
- Angular momentum
- Shannon–Hartley theorem
- Gravitational microlensing
- Proof of the mean value theorem for integrals
- Borel–Carathéodory theorem
- Second quantization
- Dido's problem
- Continuity equation
- Differential-algebraic system of equations
- Cauchy integral formula on a polydisc
- Approximation of a kernel by degenerate kernels
- Proof that exp z = 1 iff z is an integer multiple of 2πi
- Proof that moments are derivatives of the moment-generating function at zero
- Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
- Hayashi track
- Proof of Lyapunov's stability theorem
- Hermitian manifold
- Proof that holomorphic functions on a disc have primitives
- Proof of the general solution of an inhomogeneous linear equation
- Stellar pulsation
- Euler's three-body problem
- Phragmén–Lindelöf principle
- Smale's problems on dynamics
- Proof of the estimate for approximate solutions by a first-crossing argument
- Matsubara frequency
- Proof of the sum of independent normal random variables by characteristic functions
- Constructivism
- Proof of the second derivative test
- Proof of the angle sum of a triangle with sines and cosines
- Conservation of angular momentum
- Kramers–Kronig relations
- Thermodynamic square
- Proof of the irreducibility of the cyclotomic polynomials by reduction modulo primes
- Comparison sort lower bound
- Picard's theorem for first order equations with continuous partial derivative
- Parker solar wind model
- Proof of the Cauchy mean value theorem from Rolle's theorem
- Reduction of a first-kind Volterra equation to the second kind
- Proof that the exponential function is strictly increasing
- Spectrum of the Laplace–Beltrami operator
- Proof of Taylor's theorem with the integral remainder by the fundamental theorem of calculus
- Proof of the power-reduction formulas
- Impulse
- Floquet theory
- Backus–Gilbert method
- Integration in the transform variable
- Proof of the central limit theorem by characteristic functions
- Liouville–Neumann series
- Sackur–Tetrode equation
- Principal stresses
- Proof of Hölder's inequality for sums
- Berry–Esseen theorem
- Interpolation error formula
- Envelope
- Proof of Darboux's theorem from the extreme value theorem
- Zero sharp
- Proof that a function with bounded derivative is Lipschitz
- Proof that C^1 functions are strictly differentiable
- Proof of Cauchy's integral formula for derivatives
- Constructive analysis
- Proof of the mean of the geometric distribution
- Parametric oscillator
- Momentum
- Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality
- Parametricity
- Ampère's circuital law
- Proof of the derivative of arcsine by the inverse function rule
- Subtyping
- Proof of the derivative of tangent by the quotient rule
- Furuta pendulum
- Topological quantum field theory
- Associativity of convolution
- Escape velocity
- Smooth dynamical system
- Proof that a zero derivative on a connected open set implies constant
- Double layer potential
- Proof of the existence of nth roots of complex numbers
- Muskingum routing method
- Involute
- Proof of Rouché's theorem by the argument principle and continuity
- Birkhoff's ergodic theorem
- Chandrasekhar limit
- Eleven-dimensional supergravity
- Homotopy type theory
- Laplace transforms of sine and cosine
- Calculus of inductive constructions
- Proof of the law of sines from the law of cosines
- Proof of Schwarz's theorem for C^2 functions by the mean value theorem
- Wick rotation
- Tidal acceleration
- Gravitational deflection of light
- Runge–Kutta methods
- Eckart–Young theorem
- Proof of the power series of the complex logarithm
- Poincaré map
- Hölder's inequality
- Poincaré inequality
- Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory
- Maclaurin spheroid
- Coefficient of restitution
- Order of a zero or pole
- Strang splitting
- Q factor
- Proof of the volume of a ball in R^n by slicing
- Conformal modulus
- Korn's inequality
- Proof of the variation of constants formula for linear systems
- Jacobi integral
- Intuitionistic type theory
- Density of trigonometric polynomials in continuous functions
- Differentiable dependence on parameters
- Catenary
- Lie–Trotter product formula
- Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion
- Koebe's theorem on the mean value property
- Regular value theorem
- Structural stability
- Area-minimizing current
- Random vibration
- Hadamard factorization theorem
- Borel's lemma
- Viète's formula
- Proof of the estimation lemma
- Kepler's laws of planetary motion
- Inverse function theorem in Banach spaces
- Curvature of a curve
- Proof of Fermat's theorem on stationary points
- Proof that limits preserve non-strict inequalities
- Ideal chain
- Proof of the inverse function theorem by the contraction mapping principle
- Incompressible flow
- Lambda cube
- Dependent type
- Kharitonov's theorem
- Proof of the polar decomposition from the singular value decomposition
- Poincaré–Bendixson theorem for a bounded region without equilibria
- Homoclinic bifurcation
- Maxwell relations
- Duality of Lp spaces
- Random vibration
- Born rule
- Compactness of integral operators
- Dynamical friction
- Dependent type
- Borel functional calculus
- Galerkin method
- Wiener–Hopf method
- Mixing length theory
- Kepler's equation
- Compactness of families of harmonic functions
- Proof that 1 + x is at most exp x
- Proof of the formula for the characteristic function of the normal distribution
- Bernstein inequalities
- Interchange of summation order
- Torsion of a curve
- Minkowski inequality
- Proof that a function with positive derivative is strictly increasing
- Proof of integration by substitution
- Gradient estimates for harmonic functions
- Proof of the second Borel–Cantelli lemma
- Kepler orbit
- Frank-Kamenetskii theory of thermal explosion
- Proof that sin x / x tends to 1 as a derivative at 0
- Osgood's lemma
- Earth's magnetic field
- Oseledets theorem
- Neumann formula for mutual inductance
- Cantor function
- Veblen–Young theorem
- Electric displacement field
- Proof of Ptolemy's theorem by complex numbers
- Configuration space
- Commutative Gelfand–Naimark theorem
- Linear type system
- Carathéodory metric
- Schmidt decomposition
- Fourier basis of L2 of the circle
- Brody hyperbolicity
- Hyperbolic set
- Parametric oscillator
- Symplectic integrator
- Proof of the second fundamental theorem of calculus
- Schwarz reflection principle
- Harnack's principle
- Operator monotone function
- Proof of global existence for globally Lipschitz vector fields by steps of uniform length
- Hill sphere
- Proof of the spectral theorem for normal matrices by deflation
- Proof of the formula for the Laplace transform of a derivative by integration by parts
- Jentzsch's theorem on positive kernels
- Proof of Taylor's theorem with the Lagrange remainder by the Cauchy mean value theorem
- Proof of the Poisson limit theorem
- Poisson integral formula
- Kneser's theorem on solution sets
- Proof of Liouville's theorem on Diophantine approximation
- Nörlund–Rice integral
- Gauss's spherical harmonic analysis of the geomagnetic field
- Mercer's theorem
- Spherical astronomy
- Proof of Heron's formula from the law of cosines
- Littlewood subordination theorem
- Proof of cosh^2 - sinh^2 = 1
- Proof of the spectral theorem for Hermitian matrices
- Lagrange multipliers for constraints
- Roche limit
- Proof of triangularisation by induction on the size
- Noisy-channel coding theorem
- Proof that angles in the same segment are equal
- Proof of Dini's theorem by compactness
- Bifurcation theory
- Proof of term-by-term integration
- Castigliano's method
- Error bound for the trapezoidal rule
- Axiom of constructibility
- Duhamel's principle
- Gelfand–Bratu problem
- System F
- Type theory
- Proof of Taylor's theorem in several variables by restriction to a line
- Proof of the power series of arctangent by integrating a finite geometric sum
- Lagrange multipliers on Banach spaces
- Anharmonic oscillator
- Inductive type
- Proof of the volume of a ball in R^3 from the n-dimensional formula
- Somigliana identity
- Gödel's consistency of CH and AC
- Generalized Lotka–Volterra equation
- Magnetic helicity
- Proof of the impossibility of trisecting the angle
- Proof that harmonic numbers grow like log n
- Annihilator method
- Mechanical similarity
- Green's identities
- Finite difference coefficients
- Least harmonic majorant
- Proof that sine and cosine are 2π-periodic with smallest period 2π
- Bohr–Mollerup theorem
- Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit
- Magnetotellurics
- First main theorem of Nevanlinna theory
- Proof of the isolated zeros theorem by power series
- Liouville's theorem for harmonic functions
- Quantum computing
- Proof of the derivative of sine by term-by-term differentiation
- Wave function collapse
- Categorical theory
- Proof of the additivity of line integrals under concatenation
- Flory–Huggins solution theory
- Convolution theorem
- Proof of Taylor's theorem with the Peano remainder
- Proof that the exponential of a sum of commuting matrices is the product of the exponentials
- Geopotential
- Elastic pendulum
- Proof of the solutions for repeated roots
- Principal component analysis
- Proof of the derivative of x^a by the chain rule
- Liouville's theorems on elliptic functions
- Proof of the fundamental theorem of contour integration
- Proof of Goursat's theorem by repeated subdivision
- N-body simulation
- Proof of Grönwall's inequality
- Proof that uniform limits of holomorphic functions are holomorphic, by Morera's theorem
- Proof of the solutions for distinct real roots
- Proof of angle-angle similarity with the law of sines
- Volterra's function
- Celestial mechanics
- Proof of L'Hôpital's rule from the Cauchy mean value theorem
- Iterated exponentiation
- Vogt–Russell theorem
- Hu–Washizu principle
- Mild solution
- Eddington luminosity
- Whitney extension theorem
- Jensen's covering theorem
- Heun's method
- Proof of the Poincaré lemma for one-forms on convex sets
- Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation
- Proof of the existence and uniqueness of the principal value of the argument
- Proof of the mean of the Poisson distribution
- Initial value formulation of general relativity
- Proof of continuous dependence on initial data by Grönwall's inequality
- Harmonic functions on Riemann surfaces
- Gauss's law
- Noncommutative geometry
- Hill sphere
- Proof of the polar form of a complex number
- Phase space
- Proof of the identity theorem by connectedness
- Proof of the integral of sine
- An infinite product converges iff its series of logarithms converges
- Elastic collision
- Proof of the maximum modulus principle by Cauchy's integral formula
- Quintic equation
- Axiom A
- Proof that arguments add under multiplication
- Inertia tensor and principal axes
- Proof that repeating decimals are rational
- Proof of the exponential of a sum by the Cauchy product
- Barnes–Hut simulation
- Bidiagonalization
- Vis-viva equation
- Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
- Proof of the existence and uniqueness of Laurent expansions on an annulus
- Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi condition
- Maximum and minimum
- Proof of Stirling's formula by a monotone sequence and the Wallis product
- Duffing equation
- Classical mechanics
- Proof of the Casorati–Weierstrass theorem by Riemann's theorem
- Kapitza's pendulum
- Proof of the Pythagorean trigonometric identity by differentiation
- Work–energy theorem
- Stellar dynamics
- Milloux problem
- System F
- Kelly criterion
- Proof that the exponential function is its own derivative, by term-by-term differentiation
- Liouville's theorem for planar harmonic functions
- Proof of the ratio test
- Liénard–Chipart criterion
- Conservation of momentum
- Gauss's law for potentials
- Proof of the second derivative test in several variables
- Proof that holomorphic functions are analytic
- Proof that the divergence of a curl is zero
- Proof of the power series of the exponential function
- Variable-mass system
- Maximum principle for harmonic functions
- Parker instability
- Descartes' rule of signs
- Trigonometric integrals
- Surface plasmon polariton
- Cauchy momentum equation
- Tautological one-form
- Indirect utility function
- Magnus expansion
- Extremal length
- Geomagnetic secular variation
- Bertrand's theorem
- Central force
- Einstein radius
- Integral transforms of tempered distributions
- Calculus of constructions
- Schur product theorem
- Hadamard three-circle theorem for subharmonic functions
- Fundamental theorem of space curves
- Lindelöf's maximum principle
- Helmholtz decomposition of electromagnetic fields
- Calculus of inductive constructions
- Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory
- Proof that the matrix exponential solves a linear system
- Basel problem via Fourier series
- Hadamard three-circle theorem
- Schwarz–Pick theorem
- Singular values of a compact operator
- Strong normalization of simply typed lambda calculus
- Sitnikov problem
- Proof of the Gauss–Wantzel theorem
- Abel's summation formula
- Exponential stability
- Proof of the Mercator series by term-by-term differentiation and Abel's theorem
- Spherical pendulum
- Proof of the symmetry of second derivatives by a second difference
- Jury stability criterion
- Laplace transform of an integral
- Graph embedding
- Fixation probability
- Observable
- Proof of the formula for the moment-generating function of the normal distribution
- Pesin theory
- Reptation
- Proof that power series are holomorphic in the disc of convergence
- Slice theorem
- Proof that a function with zero derivative on an open interval is constant
- Duhamel's principle for heat conduction
- Class
- Schmidt's singular value decomposition of a kernel
- Proof that the determinant of a matrix exponential is the exponential of the trace
- Proof that the gamma function extends the factorial
- Impossibility of the classical construction problems
- Free-fall time
- Besicovitch set of measure zero
- Proof of the first derivative test
- Jacobi ellipsoid
- Proof of the boundedness theorem by Bolzano–Weierstrass
- Lagrange points
- Harmonic measure as exit distribution
- Van der Pol oscillator
- Two-body relaxation time
- Stable manifold theorem
- Proof that the exterior derivative squares to zero
- Unique solvability of Volterra equations of the second kind
- Inner model
- Midpoint method
- Hadamard three-lines theorem
- Parker spiral
- Proof of the Picard–Lindelöf theorem in integral form
- Picard's theorem for systems with continuous partial derivatives
- Fubini's theorem for series
- Proof of the p-series test by Cauchy condensation
- Parabolic and hyperbolic Riemann surfaces
- Poisson integral for the half-space
- Retarded potential
- Polar decomposition of the deformation gradient
- Proof of the weak law of large numbers by characteristic functions
- Anosov diffeomorphism
- Analytic capacity
- Brewster's angle
- Laplace transform of the exponential function
- Differentiable curve
- Proof that C^k functions are characterised by continuous derivatives
- Proof of the Chapman–Kolmogorov equation
- Spectral theorem for bounded normal operators
- Poynting's theorem
- Newtonian limit
- Adjoint state method
- Proof that continuous partial derivatives imply differentiability
- Strong gravitational lensing
- Lindelöf's theorem
- Harmonic space
- Proof of the vector calculus identities
- Naive set theory
- Hadamard's two-constants theorem
- Stability conjecture
- Decay of Fourier coefficients and smoothness
- Prime end
- Monte Carlo methods in finance
- State-transition matrix
- Proof of the fundamental theorem of calculus
- Hidden-variable theory
- Channel capacity of a quantum channel
- Proof that the real part of a holomorphic function is harmonic
- Bôcher's theorem
- Einstein ring
- Madelung equations
- Circular restricted three-body problem
- Gain scheduling
- Class
- Jefimenko's equations
- Function of exponential order
- Proof that rearrangements of an absolutely convergent series have the same sum
- Ratio and root limits give the radius of convergence
- Faraday's law of induction
- Proof of the mean value theorem in several variables
- Proof of the Picard–Lindelöf theorem
- Proof of the mean value theorem from Rolle's theorem
- Evolute
- Barnes G-function
- Proof of the addition formulas for hyperbolic functions
- Groundwater flow equation
- Hill differential equation
- Proof of the logarithm of a product
- Automorphism group of a bounded domain is a Lie group
- Proof of the Wallis product by integrals of powers of sine
- International Geomagnetic Reference Field
- Circle average
- Rellich–Kondrachov theorem
- Proof of the integral of 1/x
- Proof that the curl of a gradient is zero
- Proof that pi is greater than 3 by the alternating series estimate
- Proof of the classification of isometries of the plane
- Worm-like chain
- Proof that a bounded sequence converges iff its liminf and limsup agree
- Niven's proof of the irrationality of pi
- Magnetic vector potential
- Morrey's inequality
- Osculating circle
- Chudnovsky algorithm
- Bullen parameter
- Proof of Liouville's theorem by Cauchy's estimates
- Four-vertex theorem
- Euler integral for the gamma function
- Diversity index
- Normal form
- Roche lobe
- Proof of the existence of an algebraic closure
- Hartogs lemma for subharmonic functions
- Proof of the inscribed angle theorem by complex numbers
- Proof that continuous functions are Riemann integrable
- Proof of the mean value inequality
- Frenet–Serret formulas
- Runge's phenomenon
- Proof that the exponential function is strictly convex
- Proof of Hurwitz's theorem by Rouché's theorem
- Whitney–Graustein theorem
- Inductance
- Proof of the exterior angle theorem from the angle sum
- Montel's theorem
- Euler–Lagrange equation
- Residue calculus for Laplace inversion
Further reading
About this page
| Tag | A35WJBK3PW |
|---|---|
| URI | m2://A35WJBK3PW |
| Kind | proof |
| Writing | W0 stub |
| MSC | 03B05 |
| Proves | Double negation law |
| Uses | Proposition, Negation, Logical equivalence, Truth table |
| Changed | 4 November 2026 |
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